Research led by The James Hutton Institute, in collaboration with Scotland’s Rural College, the University of Aberdeen, and the British Geological Survey, highlights the increasing threat of water scarcity in Scotland due to climate change. Recently published in The Geographer (Winter 2024 edition, Adaption: Are we ready? And how far is it possible to adapt?), the study examines the potential impact on agriculture and distilleries.

Scotland’s agriculture and whisky industries rely heavily on rainfall and surface water. However, projections up to 2049 indicate reduced summer and early autumn rainfall, especially in eastern Scotland. This will likely double the frequency of low river flow events by 2050. For example, low flows in the River Spey, important for Scotch whisky production, could increase from once every five years to every two.

The research outlines risks across sectors:

• Crop Production: Lower yields and income losses due to reduced rainfall during critical growth stages.
• Livestock Farming: Diminished grass growth, water access, and animal health risks.
• Distilleries: Potential production halts due to restrictions in water use.

Proposed measures include efficient irrigation, increased water storage during wetter winters, and improved soil and groundwater management. While the whisky industry is exploring water-saving technologies, stakeholders in agriculture face challenges such as financial constraints and infrastructure needs.

This research underscores the urgency for Scotland’s industries to adapt to water scarcity, advocating proactive planning, innovative solutions, and further study to ensure resilience against future droughts.

CREW would like to thank the research team (The James Hutton Institute, the University of Aberdeen, SRUC and BGS) and the Project Steering Groups (Consumer Scotland, NatureScot, SEPA, WICS and the Scottish Government) for their dedication and support to the project and in addressing this important issue.

See the full project outputs here.